Polyelectrolytes are a class of polymers that possess ionic or ionizable groups. These polymers can be either positively charged (cationic), negatively charged (anionic), or exhibit both types of charges (amphoteric). They are used in various industrial, environmental, and biomedical applications due to their ability to interact with water and other ions. Polyelectrolytes are versatile and valuable materials with a wide range of applications across different industries. Their ability to interact with ions and water makes them essential in many processes and products.